Canada

In the 2012 Canada Year Book, Canada's coastline is the world's longest at 243,042 kilometres. The figure includes the mainland coast and the coasts of offshore islands.

The same edition lists Indonesia next at 54,716 kilometres, followed by Russia at 37,653, the United States at 19,924 and China at 14,500.

The coast runs along three oceans: the Atlantic, the Arctic and the Pacific.

The 2011 Canada Year Book counts 52,455 islands.

No reference designates one specific shoreline as the legal shoreline, so a country's coastline length varies with how the shoreline is defined.

NOAA's official value for the United States is 153,646 kilometres, built from measurements made in 1939 and 1940 and in 1970. The 2012 Canada Year Book lists the United States at 19,924 kilometres. One country therefore has two published lengths, differing by nearly eight times.

NOAA's figure counts the outer coast, offshore islands, sounds, bays, rivers and creeks, up to the head of the tidewater or to a point where tidal waters narrow to 30.48 metres.

NOAA's older measurements were taken with a recording instrument on the largest-scale charts and maps available at the time, in 1939 and 1940.

In the 2012 Canada Year Book, Canada is the second-largest country in the world, with a total area of 9,984,670 square kilometres, of which 891,163 square kilometres is freshwater.

In that edition Russia has 17,098,242 square kilometres, the United States 9,826,675 and China 9,596,961.

Canada's land area is 9,093,507 square kilometres.

In that edition, freshwater covers 891,163 square kilometres of Canada, compared with 664,709 square kilometres in the United States.

The border with the United States is the world's longest international border, at 8,890 kilometres.

The longest distance from east to west is 5,514 kilometres, from Cape Spear in Newfoundland and Labrador to the Yukon and Alaska boundary. From north to south it is 4,634 kilometres, from Cape Columbia on Ellesmere Island to Middle Island in Lake Erie.

The area north of the treeline is 2,728,800 square kilometres, over 27% of Canada's total area.

Nunavut is the largest, at 2,093,190 square kilometres, or 21.0% of Canada's area.

Quebec is next at 1,542,056 square kilometres (15.4%), then Ontario at 1,076,395 square kilometres (10.8%).

Prince Edward Island is the smallest, at 5,660 square kilometres, or 0.1% of the national total. Nunavut is about 370 times larger.

Quebec has the most freshwater at 176,928 square kilometres, followed by the Northwest Territories (163,021), Ontario (158,654) and Nunavut (157,077).

Statistics Canada's 2012 Canada Year Book lists Baffin Island in Nunavut as Canada's largest island at 507,451 square kilometres and the fifth-largest island in the world.

Mount Logan in the St. Elias Mountains, Yukon, is the highest mountain at 5,959 metres.

The 2011 Canada Year Book describes the Bay of Fundy in Nova Scotia as having the world's highest tide, with a mean large tide of 16.1 metres.

Great Slave Lake in the Northwest Territories is Canada's deepest lake, at 614 metres.

The Mackenzie River is the longest river, stretching 4,241 kilometres through the Northwest Territories, Alberta and British Columbia.